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I know that I might sound like an Einstein fanboy but despite of the popular media attention, Einstein is so underrated

@@jkzero It is honestly insane that with very simple mathematics he was able to give us some of the most accurate physics results. Photoelectric, Einstein coefficients, Brownian motion, Special relativity, General Relativity, Quantum mechanics. He is like an anime protagonist fr fr.

@@gregorykafanelis5093 "with very simple mathematics..." LOL! I've never heard the math of General Relativity described like that. :)

I am glad you liked the video. Blending historical context and mathematical details are some of the features that identify this channel. In case you haven't, make sure to check the full playlist on quantum mechanics, the kick-off video has been on fire since day one, viewers really liked to see what Planck actually did and what textbooks don't show so check it out ruclips.net/p/PL_UV-wQj1lvVxch-RPQIUOHX88eeNGzVH

You are absolutely right, that factor 2π looks like out of a hat until you learn that the quantization was at the generalized momentum level; however, this only got clear to me after studying Hamiltonian mechanics. There are many other details that become clear in quantum mechanics after you study Hamiltonian mechanics. This is in fact how Dirac created the recipe to go from classical theories to quantum theories. Becoming familiar with Poisson brackets, Dirac brackets, and Hamilton-Jacobi theory is crucial for understanding quantum mechanics. All the best in your exam!

Glad it was helpful! Interestingly, the other day another viewers made a similar comment, he said: "the video starts and I think 'yeah, I know where this is going, I know this stuff' and then bam, something I never heard before suddenly happens"

Thanks for watching, I am glad you liked the video. The blend of historical context, calculations from the original papers, and the physical concepts in the the trademark of this channel. Make sure to check the rest of the series on quantum physics ruclips.net/p/PL_UV-wQj1lvVxch-RPQIUOHX88eeNGzVH

Wow, that's quite a list. I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.

@@jkzero Don't disappoint us. :)

Glad you enjoyed it

Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. Yes, you are right, on the second paper of the Trilogy Bohr describes "hydrogenic" atoms, meaning highly ionized Helium, Lithium, and Beryllium so there is a single electron. I wanted to talk about this but the video got too long, there is a great story about astrophysical and lab measurements of lines that could not fit a Rydberg-like formula because semi-integers were needed. Bohr easily solved this with his model. I plan to add this in a future video.

nice, I hope you enjoyed the video then

Zyprexa.

@@peterfireflylund Pluto is the 9th dimension!! Cloud 9!! 🐶 🐾 Andromeda is a drop of water!!💧 The merger also represents two thoughts!!💭 💭 Everyone is Andromedan!! 👽 Mercury Rising!!! 🌡️💕💕💕💕🤒 It’s getting hot in here!! 👙Global warming is the planet warming up to each other!! 🐨🐨 The Big Bang Theory!! Gravity is memory!!🐘 🐾 🥁 We’re each a particle, photon or star; cosmic surfing!!!🏄‍♂️ 🏄‍♀️ When this wave collapses seems to depend on us. The physics!! 👩‍🔬 We’re all fizzicists!! 🥤 Mount Shasta is the root!! ⛰️ Root beer!! 🍺 🐻 Big bear!!! Big bear chase me!!! The Great Outdoors!!🐾 🌲 🐾🌲🐾🌲🐾🌲 The 7 goddesses of the Pleiades!! 💎💎💎💎💎💎💎 After I personally tie the knot with them, we’ll create the figure 8 and become infinite!! Astronauts and cosmonauts!! Naughty!! 🪢 🧑‍🚀🎱😂 My Russian nesting dolls!! 🪺 My fine China!!! 🍽️ Each thought represents a bang❗️Higher vibrational thoughts 🐝🐝🐝 will create bigger bangs‼️ Pebbles And Bam Bam!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦖 🧊 🦣 🧊 Each grain of sand or pebble, a building block for planets or dark matter!! 🪨 Dark energy aka consciousness, creates the bang!! Supernovae!! 💥 Super Moons!! Flowery moons!! 🌹 Saturn a flowery moon!! Representing the 6th dimension!! More energy!!🪐 🛸 We control it!! 🧞 We’re stars!!✨ Hi, Hey, Hello!!🦜 The more G’s, the better!! They’ll reflect our minds, technology and more!! G strings!! 👙 👙👙👙 Our brains look like gum!! 🧠 Juicier the better!!!🍏🍋‍🟩🫐🍍🍎🍌🍈🥥🍐🍉🍒🥝🍊🍇🍑🍋🍓🥭 Love everything until it loves you back!! Mosquitos too!!🦟 ❤ Love cancer!! The Crab Nebula!! 🎇 Don’t be crabby!!🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀 Nothing transcends space and time more than love!! 💗 Love is a spaceship!! Taking us higher!!✈️ 🚀 🛸 The greatest attraction in the universe!! 🎪 Each of us and each galaxy would represent a cell!! 🦠 We’re stars putting ourselves back together again!! Like Humpty Dumpty!! 🥚 🐓 The sky is blue because we’re meant to imagine it as a diamond!! The auroras then create the rest of the spectrum!! 🌈 💎 A purple sky would reflect the heart of the ocean!! An opened mind!! 🤯 The earth purring more!! Purrrrrple rain!!☔️ 🐈‍⬛ 🧶 Each thought to me is a solar flare, which shifts us into parallel worlds!! It’s hard here!!! I’m a peaceful dude, yet my life here has been super difficult!!🥹 Alpha Centauri represents a shift in consciousness!! Dog planet!! We’re riding the alpha waves!! Woof woof!!🐶 🐾 This is our world peace and enlightenment for the world and universe!! All is one!!😇🥳🥰🤩 We’re each a mini universe!!🌌 The 3 Body Problem represents our gut brain, 🍱 heart,❤️ and mind!! 🧠 Connecting mind, body, soul, and spirit!! The Holy Spirit becomes whole!! A glory hole!!! 🔆 The moon is a black hole!! 🕳️ A neutrino!! The planet is a colonized moon!!😇🌍👽 The sun is a shapeshifter!! 🌞 Are you and I sculpting together as a team or as individuals??? 🧑‍🎨 Using the moon as a tool!!! 🪨 The Sun is the eye!!👁️ I love the tool/word grinder!!!😮 We’d be Bumping and Grinding!!😂 The Earth is like a refrigerator and the atmospheric pressure is melting or defrosting the stars above, as if they’ve been in the freezer!! 🥶 It would also reflect us krystalyzing and becoming diamonds in the sky!! 💎 💎💎 Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽 We could be stars from above aka heaven, melting everything from above, as well! Like a River Running Through It!!! 🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Gravitational waves or our thoughts raining down on us through higher dimensions!!! 🌧️ Pass the doobie to the left hand side!!🇯🇲🍍 Unlocking a Secret Garden within and outside of us!!🤫 An Oasis!!!🏝️ 🏝️🏝️🏝️🏝️ Flowing!!! It helps a lot to flow!!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Letting go, so we can concentrate more and work on our project!! Heaven On Earth!!🌍 👼 Flowers!! 🌺 🌸 💐 and Flow-Ers!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 I know energy is still impurrtant!! 😻 And of course imagination!!! Love!!!💗 🐶 🎾 🧶 🐈‍⬛ To create heaven On Earth, the galaxies collide!! 🌌 Twin flames connect!! 🔥 🔥 We’re creating quantum entanglement!! Ghost particles merging, becoming more like the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man!!👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻 The universe is still the Earth!!⭐️🌍⭐️ We’re seeing it from the insides!! 🕵️ Like we’re inside a volcano 🌋 or wishing well!! The stars and galaxies are like coins!!🪙 The Goonies vibes!! 💀 We’re treasure!! Antarctica is treasure island!! 🐧🇦🇶 Unlocking antimatter!! 🐜 Booby and booty traps exposed!! Planet X!! Hubba Hubba!!🥰 Everything and everyone has been our teacher!!👩‍🏫 3D is like the murky bottom of a bong or volcano!!🌋 The fourth dimension, representing Mars is like the stem of the bong or the volcanos vent!! 👽 Experiencing higher dimensions is like the smoke or magma reaching our mouths 😋 and then circulating through our bodies!! We are the Earth!!🌍 👼 The road less traveled!!!🧳 🌹 Straight up!! 🎈 🎈🎈🎈🎈We’d be super condensed or extremely packed neutron stars!! Like Rigel!! Blueberries!! Antioxidants!! Betelgeuse has evolved into a neutron star!! 🍊🫐 Our long winding road, exploring different dimensions, finally straightening out!! I’m getting Pee Wee vibes!! Large Marge sent me!!🚴😂 We’re vaporized, as if we’ve been smoked or roasted!! 💨 The smoke representing again those compressed neutron stars climbing the higher dimensions of the universe like a chimney!! I’m Mary Poppins, y’all !! ☂️ 🧞‍♀️ It would also represent us as a comet traveling through a wormhole!! 💫 Who me, I’m just a worm!!🐛 🫖 Solving a labyrinth!! 🦉 Solving amaze!!! 🦋 Different energies tell a different story!! 📚 We’re storytellers!! Artists!!🧑‍🎨 We’re energy first!! 🐝 A 12 inch boner is like receiving a foot of snow!!⛄️ 😂 When powered by neutrons and a magnetar energy field, one is like the energizer bunny!!🐰 They’ll keep going and going and going!! 🐇 🐇🐇🐇🐇 If you’re destined to have more than one twin flame, you’re like Frogger, playing leap frog!! Lucy is a sucker for Lillies!! 🐸 🍀 🐸 🍀 🐸🍀🐸🍀🐸 G Force!!!🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳 Dorothy’s Ruby red slippers!! ❤❤ Something here in 3D land has to change, yes, mmmmm! Dark Crystal Series!!😍 🧚🏼 We need to get this show rolling!! 🎥 We need our second moon!! Two moons!!! Two Mercurys!! Two black holes!!🕳️ 🕳️ They’ll need some color!! 🌈 Two blood moons!! 🩸 🩸 Two Ruby red slippers!!🥿 🥿 We have to die and become reborn!! Dye!! Dye those slippers red!!😮❤❤😂 Makes complete sense!! 🤯 There’s no place like home!! Home is where the heart is!! Jupiter and the 5th dimension!! 🐸 🍀 Clover Field!!👽 🛸 Time speeds up real fast once we’re there because seeing is definitely believing!! We get excited, hearts start pumping!! 💕 Minds start to open up!! 💜 Oxytocin pumping through our blood!! A love signature!! ✍️ Removing our writers block!! We’re storytellers!! 📚 The two blood moons also like draculas fangs!! Or the fangs of a snake and spider!! A kundalini experience!!!🐍💜 An anti venom!! 🐜 A love bite!! I’m nibbling your ear!! Ringing your ears like church bells!! A liberty bell! 🔔 Heightening your spidey senses!!!🕷️😳🩸🩸 My story just gets juicier!! 🍇 Sticky icky!! 🎄When is it juicy enough for you, I guess, is the question!! Strawberry Hill!! Cherry Blossoms!!🍒🍓We even got hills named after chocolate!!🍫 Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻 A Never Ending Story!! 🐺 ☁️ 🐌 ☁️ 📖 “Still in love! Still in love with that dream!! 🏔️ 🏔️ 🦌 “ Super Earth!! ⭐️ Superheroes!! ⭐️ Super pets!! ⭐️ Super foods!!⭐️ A place where everything is awesome!!🤩 A place where everyone is adorable!!🥰 I’m a sighentist!!🙄 A souldier!!😇 A Glad I Ate Hers!!😋🥧 And most of all a Roarier for the universe!!🦁 The Great Lakes represent the heart of the ocean coming together!! 🫀🌊 A huge manifestation!! 🐰 ⏰ 🍄 A microcosm of our oceans, which will someday become fresh!! 🔬 We’re sky people!! The planet our backyard!! An aquarium!! 🐠 An octopuses garden!!🪴 🐙 Dinosaurs have played the role of our bacteria!! 🦠 They’re back!!! 🦕 🦟 Hold on to your butts!!! Everything is getting supersized!!🧑🏿‍🍳🍟🍔🥤 When the Earth gets it two blood moons 🩸 🩸, it will represent us!!! Mostly centered around twin flames!!🥰🥰 Like we’re children of the universe!! We’ll be cells too and it will be like we’re watching each other grow and evolve!!🦥🐾🦥🐾 Our stars bursting here and there!! 💥 🎇 🎆 My cosmic perspective!! 🐼 🧪 ⚛️

thanks for that, it means a lot when viewers appreciate the effort and find the content of value

Glad to bring back memories, and thanks for your kind message, it means a lot when viewers appreciate the effort and find the content of value

I am glad you like the content. I would be happy to increase the frequency but I have day-job and I can only create content in my free time.

Thanks for your positive feedback and I appreciate the desire to make the content available in other languages. RUclips offers automatic subtitles in dozens of languages, simply go to Settings > Subtitles/CC > Auto-translate, and then select the desired language. Translations are not perfect but quite good. Unfortunately, actual subtitles in other languages would require that I check everything, word by word, and I cannot afford the time for that. I am quite perfectionist and don't feel comfortable delegating this kind of tasks.

I think at first we all get uncomfortable with the idea of massless particles having momentum but I believe the problem is that momentum gets introduced in high school as just p=mv, but when you study Lagrangian mechanics the concept of momentum makes sense and you find that p=mv is just a very special case. Regarding your question: Could there exist hypothetical particles with non-zero energy and momentum yet with zero velocity? I doubt it because you can relate energy, momentum, and velocity in the form v = ∂E/∂p. If you hypothetical particle has non-zero energy and momentum then you also know that E² = (pc)² + (mc²)². Using the previous expression for velocity, you will find v>0.

@@jkzeroThank you for your response. I am encouraged by your qualified response ("I doubt it…" ) to my suggestion. Could not your objection, whilst holding true in 2024, have been used prior to 1922 to cast doubt on the existence of momentum in a massless photon? Is there perhaps a way to refine the concept of particles with energy and zero velocity to explore its potential connection to dark matter or dark energy phenomena, even if it doesn't perfectly align with existing models? How would we go about detecting them? P.S. I think you will find that p = mv was accepted at post graduate level until 1922 when Compton made his leap of imagination.

@@alans172 I would disagree, the concept of momentum for light existed already in classical mechanics, it can be derived from Maxwell's equations that an electromagnetic wave has a momentum p = E/c. Also, in 1909 Johannes Stark attended Einstein's presentation on quantum fluctuation in which he demonstrated the wave-particle duality of light, from where he (Stark) wrote the momentum of a light-quanta to be p=hv/c. Stark later abandoned this relation in favor of the "light is a wave not a particle" team. The first complete presentation of the photon momentum was given by Einstein in his famous 1916 paper on radiation.

​@@jkzero Would you be able to recommend a reference that elaborates on the historical development of the idea that light had momentum within classical physics?

@@alans172 of course, I believe this was derived by Maxwell himself. Just google search for the Poynting vector (S) and its relation to linear momentum radiation. In a nutshell, for an electromagnetic wave p = S/c², and using the definitions of S and energy density of the EM field you will find that its momentum is p=E/c. A good reference is Jackson's Electrodynamics, it is the standard graduate-level textbook in electromagnetism. It also very dry and every student hates it.

Thanks, glad you liked it. Heisenberg and Schrödinger are coming but I have no rush, I really enjoy this old-quantum physics and how everything was so motivated by experimental observations, not like most of fundamental physics in the past 50 years (looking at you strings and supersymmetry)

Glad you enjoyed it!

My bad. You are confining this analysis to LEU reactors. That’s implied in your statement. Sorry.

I see that I read your comment too late and you already figured it out.

yeah, the cool kids (and books) just want to get Dirac and Feynman diagrams, but I find the early developments so fascinating that I have no rush to get there. Honestly, it is the physics of early quantum mechanics that made me fall in love with physics research as a kid (at least the little things that I could understand back then). But I will get to Dirac, promise.

​@@jkzero that's all i wanted to hear 😅

It depends a lot on the nuclear weapon in question, many use explosives with very long half lives so other components tend to degrade first but those that use plutonium do need to semi regularly be replaced.

Zyprexa.

@@peterfireflylund “He who will not read is no better than he who cannot read “, Mark Twain.Try it during your lucid moments - if any- and when you are released from constraints.

The formula mv²/2 for the kinetic energy applies to any massive object that moves at low speed (low with respect to the speed of light in vacuum). There is nothing in this formula that requires the object to be macroscopic; therefore, if you have a slow electron or a slow car, the equation is valid.

thanks, glad you liked it.

I am glad you liked it. Textbooks just want to get Dirac and mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics, but I find the early developments so fascinating that I have no rush to get there. Honestly, it is the physics of early quantum mechanics that made me fall in love with physics research as a kid (at least the little things that I could understand back then)

@@jkzero I studied all this in university 50 years ago! It is fascinating to go back and learn about it all over again with fresh eyes.

Happy to bring back good memories. I remember going through this content way too fast in my QM classes in just one or two lectures because everyone just wants to get to the postulates and the Schrödinger's equation.

They will come, for now I appreciate sharing, liking, and commenting as that helps the mighty algorithm to show the content to new viewers.

This is basic physics: uniform circular motion requires continuous acceleration towards the centre. Otherwise the particle would travel away in a straight line.

@@DavidMFChapman That is the classical explanation yes. That I don't agree with at all. It's simply a matter of perspective. Very much similar to rotating a ball attached to a string. It remains at the same distance to you. Yes there is a force involved. But is there really a "meaningful" acceleration? The kinetic energy doesn't change. The change in position over time -> 0. Seems to me like you could equally see this as a internal state of the system not affected by anything outside the system. A way to store kinetic energy maybe. Electron philosophy if I may.

My view is that uniform circular motion can be seen as the same thing as traveling in a straight line. In certain cases.

@@no-one_no1406An object in a circular orbit is moving in two dimensions. Yes, the speed is constant, but the velocity vector is continually rotating-that changing velocity is the acceleration.

@@no-one_no1406 ruclips.net/video/wxkErwF2fOg/видео.htmlsi=vDcmP3z6V-Ljzkka

The model is not fully developed quantum mechanics, but it is a quantum model owing to the discrete values of physical quantities, as opposed to continuous values.

I agree in not calling quantum mechanics, that is what came later. However, Bohr's model is quantum in the sense that his electrons are restricted to well defined discrete orbits in which they can only have discrete energy levels. You are right, Bohr did not proposed a quantum theory of the atom but rather a model, meaning a mathematical formulation that captures some of the key features of the physical system. A model is just an approximation of reality, not a full theory. What Bohr and many others at the time were doing is what today we call "phenomenology."

Thanks, I appreciate the good wishes. To be honest, I am more than happy with the current state of the channel, I started less that a year ago and the response from viewers has been overwhelmingly positive. Yes, I want the channel to keep growing but so far the community has been great and I am grateful for the support.

I would not put it like that. Bohr was highly influenced by experimental observations and theoretical insights. There is great merit on writing that quantization rule and the working out all its consequences. The quantization rule is arbitrary, yes, but not trivial from a physics standpoint. Just like Planck's and Einstein's quantization rules. They seem trivial for us now, but with the knowledge back then, their proposals were gigantic conceptual jumps.

@@jkzero yeah I know so Im just joking

@@berdigylychrejepbayev7503 sorry, I am not the best at spotting sarcasm

just like other sciences (except physics ofc) :-)

There is a famous quote attributed to Rutherford “all science is either physics or stamp collecting” which presents him as the typical arrogant physicist looking down on all other fields. I don't know if he ever really said that, but reading his papers and about his way of caring for his students I doubt that Rutherford was such an ah. I would expect something like this from Millikan but not from Rutherford. If Rutherford really thought like that, then giving him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry instead of Physics would be a top-level way of trolling.

@@jkzero it doesnt really matter. It makes for a good story. No atoms were injured in the making of this dtory and 😀

@@davidmitchell3881 I can now say "No atoms were injured in the making of this story," which is not the case in my early videos

​@@jkzero : Rutherford probably did think like that. Blackett in 1958 mentioned hearing him say it, though around 1925 so a generation earlier. I wouldn't be too hard on Rutherford, regardless. At the time, enthroning Physics was not a completely unreasonable proposition. It's a jokey variant on an old idea, not purely English - Auguste Compte also ranked the sciences with physics at the top, a century earlier. Rutherford was surely just poking fun at the cultural pretensions of some who looked down on him as an uncultured if useful colonial. Even as late as the early twentieth century one could argue other branches of scientific thought were less well developed. Only physical chemistry was approaching a similar standard. In particular, by Rutherford's time physicists had systematically brought mathematical rigor to bear on their stamp collections for three centuries, ie. roughly since the time of (say) Newton, or Hobbes. In fact I'm reminded of Hobbes' remarks in Leviathan, that geometry "is the only science that it hath pleased God hitherto to bestow on mankind". Shortly thereafter Newton et al. had elevated Physics to a science also. Hobbes added that scientific thought starts with "settling the significations of their words"; not a bad analogy with stamp collecting. Traces of that attitude persist, cf. Luis Alvarez vs the geologists.

thanks for that, it means a lot when viewers appreciate the effort and find the content of value

I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.

So the standard calculation from SR Maxwell's laws is very cumbersome since you need to be quite careful around the accelerated objects. You can do it reasonably well by doing it in Rindler coordinates using the GR versions, but that assumes you know some GR... There is a version of the special relativistic derviation of it on wikipedia, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A9nard%E2%80%93Wiechert_potential From A (or E and B) you can find the pointing vector and thus the emitted radiation. Beware the derivation is long and a little ugly

in the meantime, here is a step-by-step derivation that appear quite easy to follow pulsar.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/wilms/teach/astrospace/spacechap5.pdf

@@jkzero : Ta. I hadn't realized J. J. Thompson was responsible for this derivation.

yeah, this came with a delay because sometimes life gets in the way

@@jkzero Oh this wasn't meant as a complaint in any way! Take your time, as you need it :)

@@Skellborn got it, but yeah, I wish I could dedicate more time to making videos, I really enjoy the whole process from reading the original papers and crafting a fun story to share

this is one of the reason I really like this derivation, it is quite simple but very significant in the early days of quantum physics

espero que el episodio te haya gustado